AWT

AWT (Abstract window toolkit) is an API to develop a window-based application.

It is platform independent i.e. Components are displayed according to the view of the operating system.AWT is heavyweight because its component are  using the resources of the operating system. The java.awt package provides classes for AWT api such as TextField, Label, TextArea, RadioButton, CheckBox, Choice, List etc.

AWT HIERARCHY.

Container:

The container is a component in AWT that contain another component int it.Like button ,labels etc.The classes that extend For it are are Frame ,Dialog and panel.

Window

The window is the container that have no borders and menu bars. You must use frame, dialog or another window for creating a window

Panel:

The Panel is the container that doesn't contain title bar and menu bars. It can have other components like button, textfield etc.

Frame:

The Frame is the container that contain title bar and can have menu bars. It can have other components like button, textfield etc.

Methods of component class:

Method	Description
public void add(Component c)	inserts a component on this component.
public void setSize(int width,int height)	sets the size (width and height) of the component.
public void setLayout(LayoutManager m)	defines the layout manager for the component.
public void setVisible(boolean status)	changes the visibility of the component, by default false.

Java AWT Example:

To create simple awt example, you need a frame .there are two ways to create a frame in Awt

1)By extending Frame class(inheritance)

2)By creating the object of Frame class(association)

Example:(extending frame class). 

package hola;

import java.awt.Button;

import java.awt.Frame;

import java.io.File;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;

import java.io.FileWriter;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Hola extends Frame {

    Hola(){

    Button b=new Button("click me");

    b.setBounds(30,100,80,30);

    add(b);

    setSize(300,300);

    setLayout(null);

    setVisible(true);

   

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Hola f=new Hola();

    }

     }

   

    Output:

Example:(Creating an object of frame class).

package hola;

import java.awt.Button;

import java.awt.Frame;

import java.io.File;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;

import java.io.FileWriter;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Hola {

    Hola(){

    Frame f=new Frame();

    Button b=new Button("click me");

    b.setBounds(30,100,80,30);

    f.add(b);

    f.setSize(300,300);

    f.setLayout(null);

    f.setVisible(true);

   

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Hola f=new Hola();

    }

     }

        Output:

Event Handling:

Changing the state of an object is known as event Example: click on the button ,on mouse over,etc.java.awt.event package provides many event classes and Listener interfaces for event handling.

Event Classes	Listener Interfaces
ActionEvent	ActionListener
MouseEvent	MouseListener and MouseMotionListener
MouseWheelEvent	MouseWheelListener
KeyEvent	KeyListener
ItemEvent	ItemListener
TextEvent	TextListener
AdjustmentEvent	AdjustmentListener
WindowEvent	WindowListener
ComponentEvent	ComponentListener
ContainerEvent	ContainerListener
FocusEvent	FocusListener

    Example:(within a class event handling)

package hola;

import java.awt.*;

import java.awt.event.*;

public class Hola implements ActionListener {

    Frame f=new Frame();

    TextField tf;

    Button b;

    Hola(){

    tf=new TextField();

    tf.setBounds(60,50,170,20);

    Button b=new Button("Click me");

    b.setBounds(100,120, 80, 30);

    b.addActionListener(this);

    f.add(b);

    f.add(tf);

    f.setSize(300,300);

    f.setVisible(true);

   

    }

    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){

    tf.setText("Hello");

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Hola f=new Hola();

    }

     }

   

Output:

Example:(Other class event handling)

package hola;

import java.awt.*;

import java.awt.event.*;

public class Hola extends Frame{

        TextField tf;

    Button b;

    Hola(){

    tf=new TextField();

    tf.setBounds(60,50,170,20);

    Button b=new Button("Click me");

    b.setBounds(100,120, 80, 30);

    Outer o=new Outer(this);

    b.addActionListener(o);

    add(b);

    add(tf);

   setSize(300,300);

    setVisible(true);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Hola f=new Hola();

    }

     }

   

Outer class:

package hola;

import java.awt.event.*;

 class Outer implements ActionListener {

    Hola obj;

    Outer(Hola obj){

    this.obj=obj;

 }

    @Override

    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {

    obj.tf.setText("he hello");

   

}

}

Output:

 

Example:( anonymous class)

package hola;

import java.awt.*;

import java.awt.event.*;

public class Hola extends Frame{

    TextField tf;

    Button b;

    Hola(){

    tf=new TextField();

    tf.setBounds(60,50,170,20);

    Button b=new Button("Click me");

    b.setBounds(100,120, 80, 30);

    b.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){

        @Override

        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {

            tf.setText("hello");

        }

    });

    add(b);

    add(tf);

   setSize(300,300);

    setVisible(true);

   

    }

  

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Hola f=new Hola();

    }

     }

   

    Output:

 

AWT Button:

 Button is a control component that has a label and generates an event when pressed. When a button is pressed and released, AWT sends an instance of Action Event to the button, by calling process Event on the button.

Example:

package hola;

import java.awt.*;

import java.awt.event.*;

 class Outer  {

     public static void main(String[] args) {

         Frame f=new Frame();

         Button b=new Button("click");

         b.setBounds(50, 100, 80, 30);

         f.add(b);

f.setSize(400,400);

f.setLayout(null);

f.setVisible(true);

     }

}

   

    Output:

ActionListener on Button:

Example:

package hola;

import java.awt.*;

import java.awt.event.*;

 class Outer  {

     public static void main(String[] args) {

         Frame f=new Frame();

          TextField tf=new TextField();

         tf.setBounds(50,50,150,20);

         Button b=new Button("click Here");

         b.setBounds(50, 100, 60, 30);

         b.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){

             @Override

             public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {

                 tf.setText("Good Morning");

             }

    

     });

         f.add(b);

         f.add(tf);

f.setSize(400,400);

f.setLayout(null);

f.setVisible(true);

     }

}

Output:

Label:

It is used to display a single line of read only text. User cannot edit it.

Example:

package hola;

import java.awt.*;

public class Hola {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

         Frame f=new Frame("Label Example");

         Label l1;

     l1=new Label("his is Label"); 

   l1.setBounds(50,100,80,30); 

    f.add(l1); 

    f.setSize(400,400); 

    f.setLayout(null); 

    f.setVisible(true);  

    }

  

     }

   

    Output:

ActionListener on Label.

Example:

package hola;

import java.awt.*;

import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;

import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class Hola extends Frame implements ActionListener {

    TextField tf;Label l;Button b1;  

    Hola(){

    tf=new TextField();

    tf.setBounds(50,50,150,20);

    l=new Label();

    l.setBounds(50,50,100,30);

    b1=new Button("Click Here");

    b1.setBounds(50,150,60,30);

    b1.addActionListener((ActionListener) this);

    add(b1);

    add(l);

    add(tf);

    setSize(400,400);

    setVisible(true);

    setLayout(null);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new Hola();

    }

    @Override

    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {

       try{

           l.setText("After Clicking");

       }catch(Exception e){

       System.out.println(e);

       }

    }

     }

    Output:

   

After clicking the button.

TextField:

TextField class is a text component that allows the editing of a single line text.

Example:

package hola;

import java.awt.*;

 class Outer  {

     public static void main(String[] args) {

      Frame f= new Frame("TextField 1"); 

    TextField t1,t2; 

    t1=new TextField("TextField 2"); 

    t1.setBounds(50,100, 200,30); 

    t2=new TextField("AWT Tutorial"); 

    t2.setBounds(50,150, 200,30); 

    f.add(t1); f.add(t2); 

    f.setSize(400,400); 

    f.setLayout(null); 

    f.setVisible(true); 

     

     }

}

Output:

   

 After editing.

ActionListener on Text Field;

package hola;

import java.awt.*;

import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;

import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class Hola extends Frame implements ActionListener { 

    TextField tf1,tf2,tf3; 

    Button b1,b2; 

    Hola(){

   tf1=new TextField(); 

        tf1.setBounds(50,50,150,20); 

        tf2=new TextField(); 

        tf2.setBounds(50,100,150,20); 

        tf3=new TextField(); 

        tf3.setBounds(50,150,150,20); 

        tf3.setEditable(false);  

        b1=new Button("+"); 

        b1.setBounds(50,200,50,50);

        b2=new Button("*"); 

        b2.setBounds(120,200,50,50); 

        b1.addActionListener(this);

        b2.addActionListener(this); 

        add(tf1);add(tf2);add(tf3);add(b1);add(b2); 

        setSize(300,300); 

        setLayout(null); 

        setVisible(true); 

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new Hola();

    }

    @Override

    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {

    String s1=tf1.getText();

    String s2=tf2.getText();

    int a=Integer.parseInt(s1);

    int b=Integer.parseInt(s2);

    int c=0;

    if(ae.getSource()==b1)

   {

    c=a+b;

    }else if(ae.getSource()==b2){

      c=a*b;

    }

    String result=String.valueOf(c);

    tf3.setText(result);

    }

   

  

     }

   

    Output:

TextArea:

package hola;

import java.awt.*;

 class Outer  {

     public static void main(String[] args) {

      Frame f= new Frame("TextExample"); 

    TextArea ta1; 

    ta1=new TextArea("TextArea 1"); 

    ta1.setBounds(50,100, 300,303); 

    f.add(ta1);  

    f.setSize(400,400); 

    f.setLayout(null); 

    f.setVisible(true);

     }

}

        Output:

TextArea ActionListener:

Example:

package hola;

import java.awt.*;

import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;

import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class Hola extends Frame implements ActionListener { 

     Label l1,l2; 

TextArea area; 

Button b; 

Hola(){ 

    l1=new Label(); 

    l1.setBounds(50,50,100,30); 

    l2=new Label(); 

    l2.setBounds(160,50,100,30); 

    area=new TextArea(); 

    area.setBounds(20,100,300,300); 

    b=new Button("Count Words"); 

    b.setBounds(100,400,100,30); 

    b.addActionListener(this); 

    add(l1);add(l2);add(area);add(b); 

    setSize(400,450); 

    setLayout(null); 

    setVisible(true); 

} 

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){ 

    String text=area.getText(); 

    String words[]=text.split("\\s"); 

    l1.setText("Words: "+words.length); 

    l2.setText("Characters: "+text.length()); 

} 

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new Hola();

    }

     }

   

    Output:

        

Checkbox:

 It is used to turn an option on (true) or off (false). Clicking on a Checkbox changes its state from "on" to "off" or from "off" to "on".

Example:

package hola;

import java.awt.*;

 class Outer  {

     Outer(){

     Frame f=new Frame("CheckBox Example:");

     Checkbox checkbox1=new Checkbox("English");

    checkbox1.setBounds(100,100,60,55);

    Checkbox checkbox2=new Checkbox("Maths");

    checkbox2.setBounds(100,150,50,50);

    f.add(checkbox1);

    f.add(checkbox2);

    f.setSize(300, 300);

    f.setLayout(null);

    f.setVisible(true);

     }

     public static void main(String[] args) {

       new Outer();

     }

}

Output:

Checkbox with Item Listener:

Example:

package hola;

import java.awt.*;

 class Outer  {

     Outer(){

     Frame f=new Frame("CheckBox Example:");

     Checkbox checkbox1=new Checkbox("English");

    checkbox1.setBounds(100,100,60,55);

    Checkbox checkbox2=new Checkbox("Maths");

    checkbox2.setBounds(100,150,50,50);

    f.add(checkbox1);

    f.add(checkbox2);

    f.setSize(300, 300);

    f.setLayout(null);

    f.setVisible(true);

     }

     public static void main(String[] args) {

       new Outer();

     }

}

    Output:

CheckBoxGroup:

The object of CheckboxGroup class is used to group together a set of Checkbox. At a time only one check box button is allowed to be in "on" state and remaining check box button in "off" state. It inherits the object class.

Example:   

   

package hola;

import java.awt.*;

 class Outer  {

     Outer(){

     Frame f=new Frame("CheckBox Example:");

     CheckboxGroup cbg=new CheckboxGroup();

     Checkbox checkbox1=new Checkbox("Hindi",cbg,false);

     checkbox1.setBounds(100,100,60,60);

     Checkbox checkbox2=new Checkbox("Marathi",cbg,true);

     checkbox2.setBounds(100,150,60,60);

     f.add(checkbox1);

     f.add(checkbox2);

     f.setSize(300, 300);

    f.setLayout(null);

    f.setVisible(true);

     }

     public static void main(String[] args) {

       new Outer();

     }

}

   

    Output:

   

CheckboxGroup ItemListener:

Example:

package hola;

import java.awt.*;

import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;

import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

import java.awt.event.ItemEvent;

import java.awt.event.ItemListener;

public class Hola extends Frame implements ActionListener { 

     Label l1,l2; 

TextArea area; 

Button b; 

Hola(){ 

    final Label label = new Label();         

        label.setAlignment(Label.CENTER); 

        label.setSize(400,100);

        CheckboxGroup cbg=new CheckboxGroup();

        Checkbox checkbox1=new Checkbox("Hindi",cbg,false);

    checkbox1.setBounds(100,100,60,55);

    Checkbox checkbox2=new Checkbox("Marathi",cbg,true);

    checkbox2.setBounds(100,150,60,50);

    add(checkbox1);

    add(checkbox2);

    add(label);

    checkbox1.addItemListener(new ItemListener(){

  

        @Override

        public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent ie) {

           label.setText("Hindi:checked");

          

        }

    });

    checkbox2.addItemListener(new ItemListener(){

        @Override

        public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent ie) {

         label.setText("Marathi:checked");  

        }

   

    });

    setSize(300, 300);

    setLayout(null);

   setVisible(true);

     

}public static void main(String[] args) {

        new Hola();

    }

    @Override

    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {

        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet."); //To change body of generated methods, choose Tools | Templates.

    }

}

Output:

Choice(Dropdown List):

The object of Choice class is used to show popup menu of choices. Choice selected by user is shown on the top of a menu.

Example:

package hola;

import java.awt.*;

 class Outer  {

     Outer(){

     Frame f=new Frame("Choice Example:");

    Choice c=new Choice();

    c.setBounds(100,100,75,75);

    c.add("English");

    c.add("Maths");

    c.add("Marathi");

    c.add("Science");

    c.add("Social Science");

    f.add(c);

   

     f.setSize(300, 300);

    f.setLayout(null);

    f.setVisible(true);

     }

     public static void main(String[] args) {

       new Outer();

     }

}

   

    Output:

    

Choice(Dropdown List) Action Listener:

Example:

package hola;

import java.awt.*;

import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;

import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

import java.awt.event.ItemEvent;

import java.awt.event.ItemListener;

public class Hola extends Frame implements ActionListener { 

     Label l1,l2; 

TextArea area; 

Button b; 

Hola(){ 

    final Label label = new Label();         

        label.setAlignment(Label.CENTER); 

        label.setSize(400,100);

        Button b=new Button("Show");

        b.setBounds(200,100,50,20);

        final Choice c=new Choice();

        c.setBounds(100,100,75,75);

      c.add("English");

    c.add("Maths");

    c.add("Marathi");

    c.add("Science");

    c.add("Social Science");

   add(c);add(label);add(b);

   setSize(300, 300);

    setLayout(null);

    setVisible(true);

    b.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){

        @Override

        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {

            String data="Subject Selected:"+c.getItem(c.getSelectedIndex());

            label.setText(data);

        }

   

    });

}

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new Hola();

    }

    @Override

    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {

        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet."); //To change body of generated methods, choose Tools | Templates.

    }

   

}

    Output:

Java List:

The object of List class represents a list of text items. By the help of list, user can choose either one item or multiple items.

Example:

package hola;

import java.awt.*;

 class Outer  {

     Outer(){

     Frame f=new Frame("Choice Example:");

    List l=new List();

    l.setBounds(100,100,75,75);

    l.add("English");

    l.add("Maths");

    l.add("Marathi");

    l.add("Science");

    l.add("Social Science");

    f.add(l);

   

     f.setSize(300, 300);

    f.setLayout(null);

    f.setVisible(true);

     }

     public static void main(String[] args) {

       new Outer();

     }

}

    Output:

    Java List Action Listener:

Example:

package hola;

import java.awt.*;

import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;

import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

import java.awt.event.ItemEvent;

import java.awt.event.ItemListener;

public class Hola extends Frame implements ActionListener { 

     Label l1,l2; 

TextArea area; 

Button b; 

Hola(){ 

    final Label label = new Label();         

        label.setAlignment(Label.CENTER); 

        label.setSize(500,100);

        Button b=new Button("Show");

        b.setBounds(200,150,80,30);

        final List l=new List(4,false);

        l.setBounds(100,100,70,70);

      l.add("English");

    l.add("Maths");

    l.add("Marathi");

    l.add("Science");

    l.add("Social Science");

    final List l1=new List(4,true);

        l1.setBounds(100,200,70,70);

      l1.add("First");

    l1.add("Second");

    l1.add("Third");

    l1.add("Fourth");

    l1.add("Fifth");

   add(l);add(l1);add(label);add(b);

   setSize(500, 500);

    setLayout(null);

    setVisible(true);

    b.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){

        @Override

        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {

            String data="Subject Selected:"+l.getItem(l.getSelectedIndex());

            data+=",standars selected is:";

            for(String frame:l1.getSelectedItems()){

            data+=frame+"";

            };

            label.setText(data);

        }

   

    });

}

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new Hola();

    }

    @Override

    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {

        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet."); //To change body of generated methods, choose Tools | Templates.

    }

   

}

   

    Output:

ScrollBar

Example:

package hola;

import java.awt.*;

 class Outer  {

     Outer(){

     Frame f=new Frame("Choice Example:");

    Scrollbar s=new Scrollbar();

    s.setBounds(100,100,75,75);

    f.add(s);

   

     f.setSize(400, 400);

    f.setLayout(null);

    f.setVisible(true);

     }

     public static void main(String[] args) {

       new Outer();

     }

}

   

   

    Output:

Scrollbar Example with AdjustmentListener

Example:

package hola;

import java.awt.*;

import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;

import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

import java.awt.event.AdjustmentEvent;

import java.awt.event.AdjustmentListener;

import java.awt.event.ItemEvent;

import java.awt.event.ItemListener;

public class Hola  { 

    Hola(){

    Frame f=new Frame("Scrollbar Example");

    final Label label=new Label();

    label.setAlignment(Label.CENTER);

    label.setSize(400,100);

    final Scrollbar s=new Scrollbar();

    s.setBounds(100,100,50,100);

    f.add(s);f.add(label);

    f.setSize(400,400);

    f.setLayout(null);

    f.setVisible(true);

    s.addAdjustmentListener(new AdjustmentListener(){

        @Override

        public void adjustmentValueChanged(AdjustmentEvent ae) {

            label.setText("Vertical Scrollbar value is:"+s.getValue());

        } });}

  public static void main(String[] args) {

            new Hola();

        }

}

   

    Output:

Menu and MenuItem:

Example:

package hola;

import java.awt.*;

 class Outer  {

     Outer(){

     Frame f=new Frame("Meanu and Meanue Item Example:");

    MenuBar mb=new MenuBar();

    Menu menu=new Menu("Menu");

    Menu submenu=new Menu("Sub menu");

    MenuItem i1=new MenuItem("1");

    MenuItem i2=new MenuItem("2");

    MenuItem i3=new MenuItem("3");

    MenuItem i4=new MenuItem("4");

    MenuItem i5=new MenuItem("5");

    menu.add(i1);

     menu.add(i2);

      menu.add(i3);

       submenu.add(i4);

        submenu.add(i5);

        menu.add(submenu);

        mb.add(menu);   

    f.setMenuBar(mb);

     f.setSize(400, 400);

    f.setLayout(null);

    f.setVisible(true);

     }

     public static void main(String[] args) {

       new Outer();

     }

}

   

   

    Output: